| TRANSCRIPTEASE, New
York City's First Solar Powered Oyster Reef - a living artwork
growing in the intertidal zone at COLLEGE POINT, MCNEIL PARK,
Queens NYC.
In June of 2007 Haseltine created and installed her first oyster reef: a pilot project experiment in New York City McNeil Park in College Point Queens. The project is the first of its kind in New York City using low volts of electricity from solar panels to produce a calcium carbonate accretion conducive to oyster growth a process called “Bedrock” originally developed by Architect Wolf Hilbritz (http://www.biorock.net).
Haseltine collaborated with Marine biologists: Dr. James Cervino from Pace University & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute; Global Coral Reef Alliance President, Marine Biologist, and Atmospheric Scientist Dr. Thomas Goreau; Colombia University Graduate student Katlin Baird and engineering student Michael DiDonato.
"My work is universal as it portrays the functioning of life?s
minutia on a grand scale, depicting what lies outside of our
immediate perception, and thus cutting through pre-existing
notions of gender race and class. Through my art, I hope to
bridge the gap between technology and nature to inspire a
new way of looking at our relationship with the planet and
ourselves."
"It is the first sculpture I have ever made that is literally alive and is meant to morph and grow and I cannot begin to tell you how exciting this prospect is for me.”
For the past few years the artist has immersed herself
in what she has described as ?The Great New York Oyster Movement.?
This cross-disciplinary project involves marine biologists, environmental scientists, community activists and oyster
farmers and gardeners working together to find the best solutions for
restoring oyster beds to New York?s
waterways. In June 2007
Haseltine installed her first sculpture, an oyster reef
in College Point, Queens New York.
"My most current projects combine minute structures from
the nano-world with environmental technology to create a series
of living sculptures employing ?biomimicry?. I am working
in collaboration with a team of marine biologists to create
a living eco-system of functional underwater sculptures"
Why OYSTERS?
The idea is to bring back Crassotrea Virginica, the indigenous
of Oysters, to New York, which would create a natural filtration
system that cleans the waters and simultaneously brings back
biodiversity that has been missing since in New York?s waters
and estuaries since the Industrial revolution.
Oysters are the backbone of the benthic habitat and can act
as natural water Treatment plants. The average oyster filters
5-25 gallons of "nutrient" rich water per day. The restoration
of 1 square mile of reef would filter all the wastewater that flows into New York's
Waterways annually. The reef would not only be a haven for
oysters but would quickly become a diverse habitat for aquatic
life of all forms from gastropods to Striped Bass.
WHY ART and OYSTERS?
As an artist a Haseltine says she finds this project exciting
because the project is ?an optimistic fusion between technology, science, art and
environmental design.
"We are actually devising ways to improve
upon nature and the way oyster reefs function in the wild
while keeping the rich history of where oysters originated
and they functioned in mind. In an age where the public
is constantly hearing about the devastating effects of climate
degradation, an art project like this offers a beacon of hope."
For this reef Haseltine?s concept was to create a modular
design in metal, using solar panels to send low volts of
electricity to metal and thus causing mineral accretion to
occur as calcium carbonate to formed on the structures.
In the wild, oyster larvae typically settle on oyster shells,
which are composed of to calcium carbonate or limestone.
So with this experiment the calcium carbonate covered surfaces
of the metal will in time become ideal settling spots for
oyster larvae.
In keeping with her previous work Haseltine?s looked to the
microscopic realm to find the perfect shape for her structures
and created a design inspired by the double helix in the act
of transcription of RNA .
Haseltine playfully dubbed the sculpture ?TRANSCRIPTEASE? - as double-helix shapes unwind around the
seem to dance around the pilings, bringing both aesthetic
beauty and optimal functionality to the project. ?TRANSCRIPTEASE
? doubles as a teaching tool: The sculptures depict DNA in
the act of replication, one sculpture is a fully formed DNA
helix, and the other depicts the DNA in the act of unraveling
into the two separate strands of messenger RNA (mRNA).
The vertical twisted forms are optimal for oyster beds because
it?s vertical shape allows for water to flow freely thus allowing
oysters to receive the maximum amount of nutrients and keeps
oysters above the sediment at the bottom. Vertical structures
with plenty of ventilation space where nutrients can reach
the oysters have proved to be the best way to grow healthy
oysters.
This design is actually an improvement on the typical
oyster midden, in which the oysters at the bottom are often
smothered in sediment or covered by other oysters at the top
of the pile so the ones on the bottom literally starve. To
offset this problem, Haseltine?s created a design inspired
by the double helix design allows for water to flow freely
thus allowing oysters to receive the maximum amount of nutrients.
In this prototype Haseltine utilized architecture of pre-existing
wooden pilings as a structural support to create vertical
structures.
In this installation Haseltine utilized the architecture
of pre- existing wooden pilings as a structural support for
the reef. This would is an enviromentally sound and elegant
use of the pilings which cannot be removed as they are considered
hazardous waste and are found throughout the coastline of
New York?s waterways. The use of the pilings has the advantage
of more strength as well as saving space while still enjoying
the advantages of re-creating a biodiverse habitat, which
would not interfere with Benthic or bottom dwelling fish.
In her quest to create the ultimate urban oyster reef she
is currenlty conducting experiments with the:
Global Coral Reef Alliance: http://www.biorock.net/
New York New Jersey BayKeeper: http://www.nynjbaykeeper.org/
The River Project : http://www.riverproject.org/ and
The Gaia Institute: http://www.gaiainstituteny.org/ |